摘 要

隨著居民生活水平的不斷提高，自行車不再僅僅是普通的運輸、代步的工具，而是成為人們娛樂、休閑、鍛煉的首選。自行車測速儀能夠滿足人們最基本的需求，讓人們能清楚地知道當(dāng)前的速度、里程、時間、溫度等物理量。本論文主要闡述一種基于霍爾元件的自行車測速儀的設(shè)計。
以AT89S52單片機為核心，霍爾傳感器測轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)，實現(xiàn)對自行車里程、速度、時間、溫度的測量統(tǒng)計，采用24FC512實現(xiàn)在系統(tǒng)掉電的時候保存里程信息，并能將自行車的里程及速度用LCD實時顯示。文章詳細介紹了自行車測速儀的硬件電路和軟件設(shè)計。硬件部分利用霍爾元件將自行車每轉(zhuǎn)一圈的脈沖數(shù)傳入單片機系統(tǒng)，然后單片機系統(tǒng)將信號經(jīng)過處理送LCD顯示。軟件部分用C語言進行編程，采用模塊化設(shè)計思想。該系統(tǒng)硬件電路簡單，子程序具有通用性，完全符合設(shè)計要求。
為了便于擴展和更改，軟件的設(shè)計采用模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)，使程序設(shè)計的邏輯關(guān)系更加簡潔明了。使硬件在軟件的控制下協(xié)調(diào)運作。正文中首先簡單描述系統(tǒng)硬件工作原理，且附以系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計框圖，并介紹了單片機微處理器的發(fā)展史，論述了本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計所應(yīng)用的各硬件接口技術(shù)和各個接口模塊的功能及工作過程, 并具體描述了AT89S52接口的軟、硬件調(diào)試。其次闡述了程序的流程和實現(xiàn)過程。仿真實驗表明所設(shè)計的硬件電路及軟件程序是正確的，滿足設(shè)計要求。

關(guān)鍵詞：里程/速度；溫度；霍爾元件；單片機；LCD


















Circuit Design of Bicycle Velocimeter Based on MCU

Abstract

With the developing of people’s life, the bicycle is not only the universal tool of transportation and substitute for walking, but becomes the first choice of entertainment and exercising. The bicycle speedometer can fulfill the basic need of people’s life, so that they can learn the speed, the mileage, Time, temperature of the bicycle. In this paper, the bicycle speedometer design based on the Hall element is elaborated.
By AT89S52 as kernel, using Hall element to measure revolution, the measure and statistic are achieved. The range information is saved by 24FC512 when the power is off, the bicycle speed can be displayed on LCD. In this article, the hardware circuit and software design of bicycle speedometer instrument are introduced in detail. About the hardware, the pulse number is transmitted of one cycle of the bicycle into Single Chip Microcomputer system. Then the signal processed by Single Chip Microcomputer system is sent to display scream. About the software, in assemble language; the program is designed in the mode of modules. The system has simple hardware, common sub-program, and meets the demand of design.
For the sake of easy to expand with the design adoption mold a logic for turning construction, making procedure designing relation that change, software more shorter and more easier to understand. Make hardware control in software descended to moderate the operation. The text inside describes the system hardware work principle in brief first, and attach with the system hardware design frame diagram, combine development history that introduced the single a machine microprocessor, discuss this graduate design a function for applied each hardware connecting a people the technique connects with each one a mold piece and work processes, combine to describe in a specific way the AT89S52 electric circuit connects oscular and soft, the hardware adjusts to try. Expatiated the process of the procedure the next in order with realizes process. The simulation results have proved that the hardware circuits design and software program is correct, and the system can meet the designing requirement completely.

Keywords: Mileage / speed; temperature; Hall element; MCU; LCD













目 錄

引言 1
第1章 緒論 2
1.1 課題研究的目的和意義 2
1.2 課題的發(fā)展概況 2
1.3 課題研究的目的和意義 2
第2章 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計 4
2.1 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計 4
2.2 單片機AT89S52 4
2.3 DS1302 5
2.4 DS18B20 8
2.5 24FC512 11
2.6 霍爾傳感器測量電路設(shè)計 12
2.7 LCD芯片 13
第3章 軟件設(shè)計 15
3.1 主程序設(shè)計 16
3.2 計算速度里程程序設(shè)計 16
3.3 數(shù)據(jù)傳輸程序設(shè)計 17
第4章 軟件調(diào)試 18
4.1 Proteus及Keil軟件簡介 18
4.2 應(yīng)用Keil軟件進行程序調(diào)試 18
4.3 Proteus軟件仿真 18
4.4 硬件軟件聯(lián)合調(diào)試 19
結(jié)論與展望 21
致 謝 22
參考文獻 23
附錄A Proteus仿真圖　 24
附錄B 一篇引用的外文文獻及其譯文　 25
附錄C 主要參考文獻及摘要　 31
附錄D 源程序　 33














插圖清單

圖1-1 系統(tǒng)框圖 4
圖1-2 AT89S52 5
圖1-3 DS1302 6
圖1-4 DS18B20的管腳排列 8
圖1-5 DS18B20內(nèi)部儲存器結(jié)構(gòu)圖 10
圖1-6 24FC512引腳 12
圖1-7 霍爾傳感器的外形圖 12
圖1-8 霍爾傳感器的接線圖 13
圖1-9 霍爾傳感器測量原理 13
圖1-10 LCD電路圖 14
圖1-11 主程序流程圖 15
圖1-12 計算速度里程流程圖 16
圖1-13 數(shù)據(jù)傳輸流程圖 17