天然氣脫水方法及脫水的原理，采用三甘醇脫水


摘    要
天然氣在全世界許多地方，在越來越多的領(lǐng)域代替煤炭或石油，用于居民生活、工業(yè)發(fā)電、化工生產(chǎn)等，成為有利于提高人類生活質(zhì)量、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的“綠色能源”。
天然氣主要含甲烷，乙烷等烴類。此外還含有一定的非烴類化合物，如H2S，CO2¬等。其無論是用做商品天然氣，還是用做原料都需對(duì)天然氣進(jìn)行凈化處理。
本設(shè)計(jì)的目的是對(duì)含酸性氣體的天然氣進(jìn)行脫水的工藝設(shè)計(jì)。脫水處理是天然氣生產(chǎn)和運(yùn)輸過程中必不可少的一環(huán)。
在設(shè)計(jì)過程中，本人參考了有關(guān)的資料和專著，力求設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)合理，符合實(shí)際。對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容及結(jié)果附有了圖表。通過這次設(shè)計(jì)，我掌握了工藝設(shè)計(jì)的一般程序及方法，繪制了帶控制點(diǎn)的工藝流程圖，吸收塔的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖以及天然氣凈化裝置的平面布置圖。
設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容是在5.8Mpa，35℃下，對(duì)進(jìn)吸收塔氣體和液體進(jìn)行物料衡算，根據(jù)物料衡算在進(jìn)行熱量衡算。
吸收塔的設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)，首先選出了塔板的類型，估算塔徑、進(jìn)行溢流區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)、開孔區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)，對(duì)塔的設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了流體力學(xué)的驗(yàn)算，驗(yàn)算結(jié)果表明設(shè)計(jì)的該吸收塔是合理可行的。最后又對(duì)三甘醇進(jìn)料泵進(jìn)行了工藝計(jì)算，計(jì)算結(jié)果表明選用的型泵是合理的。

關(guān)鍵詞：天然氣；脫水；三甘醇；工藝設(shè)計(jì)

 
Abstract
Natural gas in many parts of the world, in a growing number of areas instead of coal or oil, for residents living, industrial power generation, chemical production, as is conducive to raising the quality of human life, promoting economic development of "green energy".
Natural gas is main containing methane, ethane and other hydrocarbons. It also contains certain non-hydrocarbon compounds, such as H2S, CO2, and so on. Regardless of its natural gas is used as a commodity, or used as raw materials are subject to the gas purification treatment.
It is that the natural gas produces and transports an essential ring in course to take off water treatment. It is to develop riper a technology abroad that three glycol absorbs the dehydrated craft of the law employ the most general dehydrated method of natural gas too.
to design economic reasonable and realistic. The design of the content and results with the chart. Through this design, I mastered the design of the general procedures and methods, rendering the control point with the process map, the absorption tower structure diagram of gas purification devices and the layout plans.
It is in 5.8Mpa to design the content, 35 ℃ is left, absorbs the gas of the tower and liquid in entering and calculates supplies weighing apparatus, regard as in go on the weighing apparatus of heat charge according to supplies weighing apparatus.
Absorb the device design of the tower, choose the type of the tower board first of all, estimate the tower foot-path, design, drive to the hole district and design the overflow area, design result in tower carry on hydromechanical checking computations, checking computations result indicate, design, should absorb tower reasonable a feasible one. Having carried on the craft to calculate to the feed pump of ethylene glycol finally, the pump is rational that the result of calculation shows the type selected for use.

Keywords: Natural gas; Dehydration; Three glycol; Technological design
 
目    錄
摘    要 I
Abstract II
第一章 文獻(xiàn)綜述 1
1.1天然氣脫水方法的選擇 3
1.1.1冷卻法 3
1.1.2吸附法 4
1.1.3膜分離法 6
1.1.4吸收法 6
1.1.5選擇結(jié)果 7
1.2天然氣吸收法脫水 8
1.2.1 脫水原理 8
1.2.2工藝流程 8
1.2.3 操作參數(shù)的確定 10
1.3控制指標(biāo) 11
1.3.1 原料及組成 11
1.3.2 工藝指標(biāo)及公用工程消耗指標(biāo) 11
1.4天然氣的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展 11
1.4.1 產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈不同環(huán)節(jié)的參與者與發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài) 12
1.4.2 中國(guó)天然氣行業(yè)的領(lǐng)域 13
1.5環(huán)境保護(hù) 16
1.5.1主要污染源和污染物 16
1.5.2污染控制 16
第2章  吸收塔的物料衡算 17
2.1 進(jìn)料氣體的摩爾流量 17
2.2 貧甘醇流量及組成 19
2.3 富甘醇流量及組成 19
2.4 關(guān)鍵組分出塔流量及吸收率 19
2.5 非關(guān)鍵組分的出塔流量 20
2.5.1 惰性組分在溶劑中的平衡溶解度 20
2.5.2 溶氣體的相平衡常數(shù)的計(jì)算 21
2.5.3 非關(guān)鍵組分的吸收率 22
第3章  吸收塔的熱量橫算 25
3.1 熱量橫算說明 25
3.2 焓值的計(jì)算 25
3.2.1 Cp的計(jì)算 25
3.2.2 進(jìn)塔氣體焓值 26
3.2.3 出塔氣體焓值 27
3.2.4 進(jìn)塔液體焓值 27
3.2.5 出塔液體焓值 27
3.3 橫算結(jié)果 28
第4章  吸收塔塔設(shè)備的工藝設(shè)計(jì) 29
4.1 參數(shù)計(jì)算 29
4.2 塔型選擇 32
4.3 塔徑計(jì)算 32
4.4 溢流區(qū)設(shè)計(jì) 33
4.5 開孔區(qū)設(shè)計(jì) 34
4.6 塔板流體力學(xué)的驗(yàn)算 37
4.6.1 氣相通過浮閥塔塔板的壓強(qiáng)降 37
4.6.2 淹塔 37
4.6.3 霧沫夾帶 38
4.6.4 塔板的負(fù)荷性能圖 39
4.7 塔的設(shè)計(jì)尺寸 42
第五章  貧甘醇輸入泵的工藝計(jì)算 44
5.1 吸收塔貧甘醇輸送泵的選擇 44
5.2 吸收塔貧甘醇輸送泵的選型及設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 44
符號(hào)說明 49
參 考 文 獻(xiàn) 52
致    謝 54
附    錄 55
附圖1 56
附圖2 57