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?á1?￡o?-1y??D?3ê?úòa?è?÷???èó?é??á±è???￠1¤×÷í?è??°è????¨D§????1??μ??DD?D??￡?·￠??D?3ê?úòa?è??é??á±è??′??ú????ó°?ì￡?ó?1¤×÷í?è??è?°è????¨D§????2?′??ú????ó°?ì?￡D?3ê?úòa?èó?é??á±è????óD????μ??à1?￡???ó?1¤×÷í?è??°è????¨D§2?′??ú?à1?1??μ?￡
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1. òy?? 4
2. ???××?ê? 4
2.1. D?3ê?úòa?èμ??D?????1 4
2.2. é??á±è??μ??D?????1 5
2.3. 1¤×÷í?è?μ??D?????1 5
2.4. è????¨D§μ??D?????1 5
2.5. ó°?ìD?3ê?úòa?èμ??÷òaòò?? 6
3. ?êìaμ?ìá3? 7
3.1. ??óD?D??μ?2?×? 7
3.2. ?D??11?? 7
4. ?D??·?·¨ 7
4.1. ?D????μ? 7
4.2. ?D?????ó 7
4.3. ?D??1¤?? 10
4.4. êμê?3ìDò 10
5. ?D???á1? 11
5.1. D?3ê?úòa?èó?é??á±è???￠1¤×÷í?è??è?°è????¨D§????μ??à1?·??? 11
5.2. 1¤×÷í?è??èó?D?3ê?úòa?è????μ???1é·??? 11
5.3. è????¨D§ó?D?3ê?úòa?è????μ???1é·??? 12
6. ·???ó?ì??? 12
7. ′??úμ??êìa?°??ò?2?μ??D??éè?? 14
8. ?á?? 14
2??????× 15
??D? 17
???? 18



1. òy??
óéóúè?á|×ê?′1üàí?ú???¨?óòμ?-óa(chǎn)óDD§D??°???o?ùá|·????eμ?á????¨D?×÷ó?￡??óòμ??è?á|×ê?′?a·￠ó?1üàí??à′????êó ?￡D?3ê×÷?aè?á|×ê?′1üàí?Dμ???òa×é?ˉ2?·?￡???D?3ê?úòa?èμ??D??±?μ??ü?ó??òa?￡òà?Y?D????(Judge & Webourne￡?1994￡?Carraher & Buckley￡?1996)?°?à1úD?àíDD?a?§?òHeneman??D?3ê?úòa?èμ??D??￡?±?????D?3ê?úòa?è??·??a??D?3ê???????èμ??úòa￡??′D?3ê?????úòa?￠D?3êìáéy?úòa?￠?￡à??????úòa?°D?3êì??μ?úòa?￡±???ò?D?3ê?úòa?èμ????????è?a?ù′?￡?????ó?é??á±è???￠1¤×÷í?è??°è????¨D§????μ?1??μ??DD·????￡

2. ???××?ê?
2.1. D?3ê?úòa?èμ??D?????1
D?3ê?úòa?è?íê??±1¤°?×??o′ó?óòμ??μ?μ??-??D?±¨3êoí·??-??D?±¨3êó?×??oD??Dμ??úí??μ?à±è??oóD?3éμ?ò????úòa×′ì?(è?±ó￡?2002)￡?ó?1?ê??éò?±íê??a￡oD?3ê?úòa?è=????μ?μ??-??D?±¨3êoí·??-??D?±¨3êμ?êμ?ê?Dêü???úí??μ?￡D?3ê?úòa?èμ?o?ò?±í?÷á?μ±?±1¤μ?êμ?ê?Dê@@?1y×??oD????Dμ??úí??μê±￡??±1¤?í?á??×??oμ?D?3ê?Dμ??úòa￡?·??ò￡??í?á?Dμ?2??úòa ?￡
Lawler(1971)ìá3?á?D?3ê?úòa?èμ?2?òìàí??￡?è??aD?3ê?úòa?èè???óú??è?êμ?ê??μ?μ?±¨3êó????úí???μ?μ?±¨3ê????μ?2?òì?￡Locke(1976)ìá3?á?1???àí??￡?è??a±¨3ê?úòa?èè???óú??è???μ?μ?±¨3êó?óμóD?à??1¤×÷μ???è?μ?1¤×÷1±?×oí??±¨?à?￥±è?? ?￡
?D????(Judge & Webourne￡?1994￡?Carraher & Buckley￡?1996)è??aD?3ê?úòa?è·??a???????è￡?D?3ê?????￠D?3êìáéy?￠D?3ê1üàíò??°à?ò??úòa?è2?￡?à1úD?àíDD?a?§?òHenemaní¨1y???°ò?±??÷·??§ê?????±é?óêüμ?DT?y2?òìàí??￡?°?D?3ê·??a?a??áD????2?í?μ????è: D?3ê?????￠D?3ê?á11?￠D?3êì??μoíD?3êD?ê??￡?????÷???èμ??¨ò??a￡¨1￡?D?3ê????ê?×é?ˉà?μ?????D????ò?êD?μ????ù?μ￡??????ù?μ?éò?ê??ùóúμ￥???°??μ???ì?D?3êμè???òè??é?°??μ?D?3ê???ù?μ?￡￡¨2￡?D?3ê?á11ê?×é?ˉ×Y?òD?3ê?°μèó?oá?òD?3ê?°??×é3éμ?D?3êí????￡￡¨3￡?D?3êì??μê?×é?ˉó?à′???¨??ì???D?μ?·?·¨￡??a?éò?ó?×é?ˉ3é?±?¨?ú1¤×÷é?μ?ê±??à′????￡¨?ùóúê±??μ?ì??μ￡??òó?±í???òD§?êà′oaá?￡¨?ùóú±í??μ?ì??μ￡??￡￡¨4￡?D?3êD?ê?ê?×é?ˉ3é?±μ?μ?μ??÷??D?ê?μ?213￥￡?°üà¨ò??￡à??ò·t??D?ê??§??μ????ó213￥μè ?￡
×?é??ùê?￡?±???ìá3?￡???D?3ê?úòa?è?éò??àó|μ???·??a??D?3ê???????èμ??úòa￡??′D?3ê?????úòa?￠D?3êìáéy?úòa?￠?￡à??????úòa?°D?3êì??μ?úòa?￡
2.2. é??á±è??μ??D?????1
°?×??oμ??üá|?￠?D???￠?3??μèó?±eè?μ???DD±è??￡??a??1y3ì3??aé??á±è???òè??ê±è???￡Festinger(1954)μúò?′?ìá3?é??á±è??àí??￡???è??a￡o(1)è???óD????3tμ??à??×??o?üá|μ?1?μ?μ??ˉ?ú￡?(2)è?1?2??ü??μ?±è???°?í1??±μ?ê???à′?à??×??oμ??üá|oí1?μ?ê±￡?è??????òóú?úó???è?μ?±è???D?D?÷×??oμ?1?μ?oí?üá|￡?(3)??óDμ±??D?±è?????óó?×??o?à??ê±￡?è???2??é?ü??×??o×?3?óDD§μ?1à?? ?￡
?D????ìá3?á?é??á±è??óD1?μ?????àí??oí?￡Dí￡?è??aé??á±è???é·??aèy??￡o??DD±è??(Festinger￡??à??D??ù?μ￡?Goethals￡?Darley￡??à1?ê?D??ù?μ￡?Wheeler￡?Martin￡?′ú±í±è???￡Dí)?￠é?DD±è??(Wheeler￡?Collins￡?ó?3??°é?DDí??ˉàí???±)?°??DD±è??(Hakmiller(1962)￡???DDé??á±è??1?μ?￡?Wills(1981)￡???DDé??á±è??àí??￡??ò3??°DCàí???±)?￡Goethalsó?ìá3?á??¨11D?é??á±è?? ?￡
?à1úD?àí?§?òoíDD?a???§?ò??μ±?1(1965)ìá3?á?é??á±è??àí??￡?ó?3?1???àí??￡???μ??ù±?1?μ?ê?￡oμ±?±1¤×?3?á?3é?¨2￠è?μ?á?±¨3êoó￡?2???1?D?×??o±¨3êè?μ?μ?????á?￡????ò1?D?×??o?ùμ?±¨3êμ??à??á? ?￡
é??á±è??μ??ú?ˉ?÷òaóD×??ò?à???￠×??òíêé?oí×??ò?ú×?6?￡
2.3. 1¤×÷í?è?μ??D?????1
1¤×÷í?è??íê???è???ì?1¤×÷רD?ò?òaμ?3ì?è(Brooke, Ressell and Price, 1988)￡??òê?1¤×÷?ú×??òó??ó?D??òaD?μ?2??è￡?ò2ê???è?D?àíé???×??o1¤×÷è?í?μ?3ì?è(Lodahl and Kejner 1965￡? Lawler and Hall￡? 1970￡?Rabinnowitz and Hall,￡?1977￡? Kanungo￡?1982￡? Reeve and Smith￡?2001)?￡
?±1¤μ?1¤×÷í?è?3ì?è??ì?×é?ˉ?¨D§ó?áóóD???¨D?μ?ó°?ì?￡
1üàí?§?Dμ??°1¤×÷í?è??±μ??????÷òaà′×?μ±ê±μ?D?àí?§?òó?é??á?§?ò????è??ú1¤×÷é?×??òí?è?μ??????￡1¤×÷í?è??òμ￥à′?2±?ê?óD1?1¤×÷μ?ó?μ????ú?ˉ?òê?1¤×÷????è??????ù′ú±íμ???òaD?(Lodahl and Kejner, 1965) ?￡
à×?éμ?•A•?μòá￡???o2•???×°Y??￡?°Yàו??1tì?￡??áì?à×??•à3ì?￡?è?á|×ê?′1üàí￡oó?μ??o?ùó?ê?￡??D1úè???′ó?§3?°?é?￡?2001?ê4??￡?3
????￡?D?×ê3ìDò1???ó?D?×ê?úòa?èμ??à1??D??￡???ê??§??????￡????Y′ó?§D?àí?§?μ￡???μ??ìê|￡o?ì??áú￡?2003
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