摘要

禮貌因不同的文化而不同。漢語文化中的禮貌與道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有密切聯(lián)系。而在英語文化中，禮貌只存在于交流雙方。所以中國人對于什么是威脅面子行為與英語文化中的人有不同的理解。中國人的謙虛，也可以說是自貶，是自身的教養(yǎng)，而英式的謙虛是減少自夸的一種策略。隱私在英語文化中囊括的范圍比漢語文化囊括的范圍廣得多。而態(tài)度熱情在漢語文化中被認(rèn)為是非常有禮貌的。這樣，漢語文化中的禮貌行為可能會被英語文化中的人認(rèn)為是侵犯個人隱私。不同的文化價值系統(tǒng)，即英語文化中的個人主義和漢語文化的集體主義，使各自的語言有不同的交際法則。英語文化中強加于人的行為在漢語文化中可能代表著禮貌和真誠。禮貌有助于建立、維持和鞏固和諧的人際關(guān)系，促進(jìn)社會交往。

關(guān)鍵字：禮貌 面子 差異 原因 原則


Abstract

This paper holds the view that the concept of politeness varies in different cultures. The concept of politeness in the Chinese culture is closely tied with ethics and moral standards. But in the English culture, the concept of politeness exists only in the immediate context that involves two conflict parties. Thus Chinese people have a different interpretation of what counts as a face-threatening act and what does not. Chinese modesty, which can be seen as another way of saying self-denigration, is a virtue of self-cultivation while the English modesty is a strategy of minimizing or avoiding self-praise. Privacy is valued in all cultures, but the applicable scope of it in the English culture is much larger than that in the Chinese culture. Attitudinal warmth is considered very polite in the Chinese culture. The different value systems, individualism in the English culture and collectivism in the Chinese culture, impose different rules of communication on their peoples. Politeness helps establish, maintain or consolidate harmonious interpersonal relationships and facilitate social interactions. Politeness as an observable phenomenon is actually a reflection of specific cultural values in the language.

Key Words: Politeness; face; difference; reason; principle