摘要：一個(gè)包括 1,996個(gè)職業(yè)工人的全國(guó)性的調(diào)查，在努力定量職業(yè)工人關(guān)于工程生產(chǎn)力的看法。調(diào)查定量了83個(gè)相對(duì)矛盾的生產(chǎn)力要素，這一調(diào)查結(jié)果被一系列討論機(jī)構(gòu)所認(rèn)同和支持，這些機(jī)構(gòu)中包括在美國(guó)各地的管理施工工地的職業(yè)工人們。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示職業(yè)工人們擁有一個(gè)好的有關(guān)生產(chǎn)要素的概念確實(shí)會(huì)影響到他們的日常生產(chǎn)，并且大部分對(duì)抗性因素可以被工地管理隊(duì)伍控制和處理。在職業(yè)工人的觀念中生產(chǎn)要素被認(rèn)為是對(duì)施工生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響的；生產(chǎn)要素包括：工具，可消費(fèi)品，材料，工程圖管理和工程設(shè)備。一個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的比較分析被用于區(qū)分當(dāng)重要的生產(chǎn)要素與職業(yè)工人們相對(duì)低下的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)雜合在一起的時(shí)候。調(diào)查基于調(diào)查者協(xié)會(huì)的情況和商業(yè)條件進(jìn)一步的審查生產(chǎn)力要素對(duì)建筑工程施工的影響中生產(chǎn)要素的重要性的不同。這些調(diào)查結(jié)果將有利于職業(yè)工人提高生產(chǎn)力和提高其效率的施工作業(yè)。

土木工程數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)科目關(guān)鍵詞：生產(chǎn)力；勞工；建筑設(shè)施；施工管理；統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)

介紹

人們普遍認(rèn)為，從上世紀(jì)六十年代以來(lái)美國(guó)的建筑施工勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)力大幅度削弱。1980年完成的研究報(bào)告說，1968年和1980年之間建設(shè)實(shí)際產(chǎn)出（增值）每小時(shí)降了一個(gè)年增長(zhǎng)率，減少值為2.4至2.8%（阿倫1985，BRT 1983,斯托克斯1981）近期的研究使用建筑宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)勞工生產(chǎn)力在1999年繼續(xù)下降0.48%（特克勞斯2001）。雖然這些用宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)衡量建筑施工生產(chǎn)力顯示結(jié)果是在逐漸減少，但研究微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的學(xué)者們卻提出了相反的意見。在最近使用微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的研究中，Goodrum等人（2002年）作報(bào)告說，通過200例抽樣顯示，勞工生產(chǎn)力的年增長(zhǎng)率從1976年到1998年被改善了1.2％。無(wú)論是微觀方案顯示生產(chǎn)力被改進(jìn)還是宏觀方案指出相反的意見，改善勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)力的機(jī)會(huì)是明顯存在Abstract: In efforts to quantify craft workers’ perspective of construction productivity, a nationwide survey involving 1,996 craft workers was employed. The survey quantified the relative impact of 83 productivity factors, which had been identified through a series of focus group sessions involving craft workers conducted on construction jobsites located throughout the United States. The findings show that
craft workers do have a good understanding of the factors affecting their daily productivity, and most of the adversarial factors affecting
productivity can be addressed by site management teams. Factors involving tools and consumables, materials, engineering drawing management and construction equipment were identified as having the greatest impact on productivity from the craft workers’ perspective.
A statistical comparative analysis was employed to distinguish the significant factors encountered by craft workers on projects with
relatively low perceived productivity. The research further examined the differences in the perceived relative magnitude of productivity
factors’ influence on construction productivity based on respondents’ union status and trade. These findings will be beneficial for engaging craft workers in productivity improvement and improving the efficiency of construction jobsites.


CE Database subject headings: Productivity; Labor; Construction sites; Construction management; Statistics.