聲光控?zé)粼O(shè)計(jì)

摘  要

以往的聲控開關(guān)大多都是應(yīng)用模擬電子技術(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，分立元件多，不可靠，如今單機(jī)技術(shù)已經(jīng)相當(dāng)成熟，運(yùn)用單片機(jī)可以設(shè)計(jì)出智能型的聲控開關(guān)，電路設(shè)計(jì)好后，運(yùn)用軟件編程來實(shí)現(xiàn)其功能，靈活方便，修改簡單。

   目前許多聲控開關(guān)的平均使用壽命不長，主要是因?yàn)殡娐纷黝l繁的開關(guān)，啟動(dòng)電流非常大，導(dǎo)致功率元件可控硅由于過載而損壞。本文中采用開關(guān)電壓過零保護(hù)技術(shù)，可消除白熾燈開啟瞬間的大電流沖擊，有效地防止可控硅元件啟動(dòng)時(shí)電流過載，大大地延長了開關(guān)使用壽命，并且可以起到保護(hù)燈泡的作用。

   本次課程設(shè)計(jì)的任務(wù)是樓道聲控?zé)簦鶕?jù)模擬電子和數(shù)字電子所學(xué)的知識自主設(shè)計(jì)，在老師的指導(dǎo)下以小組為單位組裝實(shí)物并調(diào)試。如今，人們對聲控技術(shù)越來越熟悉。用聲音代替肢體動(dòng)作給人們帶來了很多好處和便利。因此，越來越多的聲控設(shè)備廣泛地應(yīng)用到人們的生活當(dāng)中。

Abstract

 Optically controlled lamp and acoustic control lamp play an important role in our daily life(like in corridor,toilet,alleyway and so on).They make our life more covenient.By use of them,we can not only protect ourselves from the hurt that maybe caused in looking for the switches of lights in the dark,but also eliminate the phenomenon that someone turn on the light but nobody turn off to avoid the waste of resources.

  It introduces the principle of how to use dynatrons and a nand gate chip to achieve the purpose that control the lights by light and sound,and specially stresses the ways and concrete details about how to use them to achieve the purpose and the solutions of the problems that will be met in the process of making it.

Key words ：Optically controlled,  acoustic control,  mircphone, light dependent resistor 

            breakover, cutoff

目  錄

摘  要 I

Abstract II

1．元器件的介紹與檢測 1

1.1 電阻 1

1.2 電容 3

1.3 二極管 5

1.4三極管 6

1.5 晶閘管 7

2 焊接 9

2.1焊料與焊劑的選擇 9

2.2焊接的順序及方法 10

3.聲控走廊燈開關(guān)電路的原理分析 11

3.1.聲控走廊燈開關(guān)電路工作原理 11

3.2整流、降壓、濾波電路 12

3.3聲控走廊燈開關(guān)電路原理圖 13

4 調(diào)試 14

致  謝 15

參考文獻(xiàn) 16