小區(qū)太陽能熱水器控制器的設(shè)計

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摘要 隨著工業(yè)化的進步和過度的開采，能源在今天已經(jīng)是日漸短缺，在全球的很多國家和地區(qū)造成了能源危機，迫切要求人類開發(fā)利用新型能源，太陽能應(yīng)運而生。太陽能熱水器是太陽能領(lǐng)域的突出成果，以其取之不盡、用之不竭，綠色環(huán)保，安全有效的優(yōu)點受到人們的青睞，廣泛使用于生活、生產(chǎn)實踐中，在此領(lǐng)域的探索和開發(fā)技術(shù)也日趨成熟，然而熱水器核心控制器系統(tǒng)卻相對落后。因此，設(shè)計一款自動控制的熱水器控制器，不僅是大勢所趨，符合市場要求，同時也加大了太陽能開發(fā)的步伐。
本課題以單片機為核心，結(jié)合WIFI無線技術(shù)，設(shè)計了一定范圍內(nèi)可控的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化控制系統(tǒng)，可實現(xiàn)對太陽能熱水器的全程監(jiān)控。本設(shè)計既可以實現(xiàn)小區(qū)內(nèi)所有熱水器的統(tǒng)一控制，如：溫度、水位循環(huán)查詢，實時監(jiān)控及功能控制等，又在單個用戶的熱水器控制功能方面也有所加強，如：增加了自動控制功能、自動警報功能等。整個控制系統(tǒng)從主從方式上可以分為兩個部分，一部分是單獨用戶的太陽能控制器，作為從設(shè)備，可以有多個同樣的控制器；另一部分是整體多用戶控制系統(tǒng)，這里簡稱總控系統(tǒng)，它和所有的從設(shè)備連在一起，對所有的從設(shè)備進行查詢和遠程操作。
單獨用戶的太陽能控制器的設(shè)計從硬件、軟件兩個部分入手，采用模塊化設(shè)計。硬件部分由單片機主控模塊、DS18B20溫度傳感器測溫模塊、干簧管水位傳感器測水位模塊、繼電器驅(qū)動的溫度控制和水位控制模塊、鍵盤輸入模塊、液晶顯示模塊和WIFI無線模塊等部分組成。軟件部分由單片機主控，通過程序分析傳感器檢測的當前溫度和水位，再與預(yù)設(shè)值比較、發(fā)出信號來驅(qū)動相應(yīng)的控制模塊，實現(xiàn)對溫度和水位的自動控制。然后通過無線WIFI模塊根據(jù)總控系統(tǒng)的命令上傳溫度水位信息，或執(zhí)行總控系統(tǒng)的遠程操作上水加熱等。
總控系統(tǒng)由計算機和無線WIFI模塊組成，相當于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的服務(wù)器，所有的從設(shè)備根據(jù)主控的要求上傳水位水溫信息，或根據(jù)計算機的人機界面控制單獨的從設(shè)備實現(xiàn)上水加熱等遠程指令。
關(guān)鍵詞：太陽能熱水器控制器 單片機 WIFI無線技術(shù) 傳感器


Design of residential solar water heater controller
Abstract With the progress of industrialization and excessive mining, energy shortage in today is growing in many countries and regions around the world caused by the energy crisis, the urgent requirement of human development and utilization of new energy sources, solar energy emerged. Solar water heaters are outstanding achievements in the field of solar energy, with its inexhaustible, green, safe and effective advantage of people of all ages, widely used in daily life, production practice in this area of ​​exploration and development of technology it matures, however heater core controller system is relatively backward. Therefore, the design of an automatic control of the water heater controller not only is the trend, in line with market requirements but also increase the pace of solar energy development.
The topics to microcontroller core, combined with WIFI wireless technology designed controlled within a certain range of networked control systems, solar water heaters can achieve full control. This design can be achieved only within the district unified control of all water heaters, such as: temperature, water circulation inquiries, real-time monitoring and control functions in a single user heater control functions have also been strengthened, such as: increasing the automatic control, automatic alarm functions. The system is easy to use, safe, effective and saves resources. The entire control system from the way from the main can be divided into two parts, one is the user's individual solar controller, as a slave device, the controller can have multiple same; another part of the overall multi-user control system, here referred to as total control system, it and all slave devices connected together, query and remote operation of all from the device.
Solar controller design separate from the user's hardware, software starting in two parts, the use of modular design. The hardware part by the microcontroller control module, DS18B20 temperature sensor measurement modules, reed level sensors measure the water level modules, relay driver temperature control and water level control module, the keyboard input module, LCD module and WIFI wireless module section and other components. Software part by the microcontroller master, through the program to analyze the current temperature and water level sensor, and then compared with the preset value, a signal to drive the corresponding control module, temperature and water level automatic control. Then upload via wireless WIFI module according to the command of the total water temperature control system information, or perform remote operations Shui master control system heating and so on.
The total control system consists of a computer and a wireless WIFI modules, equivalent to a network server, all uploaded from the device according to the master level and water temperature information in accordance with the requirements of, or be separate from Sheung Shui heat lamp remote HMI device according to the computer's control instructions.

Keywords: solar water heater controller SCM WIFI wireless technology sensor