動(dòng)力換擋變速器及行星機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)

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摘要 隨著日趨發(fā)達(dá)的交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)的不斷完善發(fā)展，單一的變速器已經(jīng)滿足不了汽車(chē)工業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展。而動(dòng)力換擋變速器與普通齒輪變速器的主要區(qū)別是動(dòng)力換擋變速器采用了液壓缸操縱的換擋離合器，這樣從而使得汽車(chē)變速變得多樣化。在工程機(jī)械傳動(dòng)系中,其變速箱分機(jī)械式和動(dòng)力換擋式兩大類(lèi).前者采用人力操縱換擋,換擋時(shí),需用主離合器切斷動(dòng)力后才能操縱換擋機(jī)構(gòu)撥動(dòng)滑移齒輪實(shí)現(xiàn)換擋,故換擋時(shí)間長(zhǎng),操作費(fèi)力,對(duì)于低速作業(yè)的車(chē)輛如履帶式推土機(jī),切斷動(dòng)力會(huì)立即停車(chē),需停車(chē)換擋后再起步;后者可以克服上述缺點(diǎn)，其變速箱中的齒輪是常嚙合的,依靠分別與齒輪或軸聯(lián)接的離合器、制動(dòng)器的分離或結(jié)合實(shí)現(xiàn)換擋.而離合器、制動(dòng)器靠液壓操縱,分離與結(jié)合的時(shí)間很短,可以認(rèn)為換擋時(shí)未切斷動(dòng)力。動(dòng)力換擋變速器包括定軸式和行星式兩種，行星式齒輪換擋變速器擁有一下有點(diǎn)，其可通過(guò)行星排中設(shè)置多個(gè)行星輪，使載荷油幾對(duì)齒輪共同傳遞，減輕了每對(duì)齒上的載荷，以便選用較小的模數(shù)，從而減小齒輪體積，因此，行星變速器在徑向方向尺寸較為緊湊，但軸向尺寸則與所采用的行星排數(shù)目有關(guān)，當(dāng)行星排數(shù)量較多時(shí)，則軸向尺寸較大。另外，還可實(shí)現(xiàn)輸入與輸出軸同心轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。此外，變速排擋也不要求在嚙合的輪齒上進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的速度調(diào)整；換擋是輕松的，易于控制。若需要，可以自動(dòng)控制。另外，可以完全摘下現(xiàn)有檔以前掛上新檔，這允許在換擋過(guò)程中傳遞發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率的一部分，但不是全部，這就是動(dòng)力換擋?？偨Y(jié)而言就為：結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、載荷容量大、傳遞效率高、齒間負(fù)荷小、結(jié)構(gòu)剛度好、輸入輸出同心以及便于實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)力與自動(dòng)換擋的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

關(guān)鍵詞：行星變速器 動(dòng)力換擋 行星機(jī)構(gòu)



Power Shift Transmission And The Design of Planetary Bodies
Abstract With the constant perfection and development of the increasingly developed transportation, transmission single already meet the vigorous development of the automobile industry. The main difference between the power shift transmission and the ordinary gear transmission is a power shift transmission adopts shift clutch hydraulic cylinder control, so making automobile transmission to diversify. In the engineering machine transmission system, the gear box is divided into mechanical and power shift two categories. The former uses human shift, shift, a main clutch cut off the power to manipulate the shift mechanism to shift sliding gear to shift, the shift time is long, laborious operation, for low speed operation vehicle such as a bulldozer, cut off the power immediately stop, need to stop after the start shifting; the latter can overcome these shortcomings, the gear box gear is frequently engaged by disengaging the clutch, brake, connected with the gear and shaft are respectively or combined with shifting. And the clutch, brake by hydraulic control, time separation and combination is very short, it did not cut off the power when the shift. Power shift transmission comprises a fixed shaft and planetary type two kinds, planetary gear transmission has a little bit, which can be provided with a plurality of planetary wheel through a planet row, the gear load oil on several common transmission, reduce the load of each pair of teeth, so that the use of smaller modulus, thereby reducing gear volume, therefore, the planetary transmission in the radial direction is more compact size, but the axial size is adopted and the planet row number, when the planet row number, the axial size large. In addition, also can realize the input and output shaft rotation concentric. In addition, the gearshift also does not require accurate speed adjustment in the meshing teeth; gear shifting is easy, easy to control. If necessary, can automatically control. In addition, can completely remove the existing file before hanging files, which allows a part of transfer engine power in the process of shifting, but not all, this is a power shift. Conclusion is: the advantages of compact structure, large load capacity, high transmission.

Key words Planetary transmission Power shift Planetary bodies

目錄
第一章 傳動(dòng)方案設(shè)計(jì)與分析 2
1.1行星式變速器的設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù) 2
1.2行星式變速器特點(diǎn) 2
1.3串聯(lián)組成式行星變速器設(shè)計(jì)原則 2
1.4 兩自由度行星變速器傳動(dòng)方案的選擇 2
第二章 行星機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)分析 3
2.1傳動(dòng)比的確定 3
2.2傳動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)圖設(shè)計(jì) 5
2.3配齒計(jì)算 8
2.4運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析 9
2.5 動(dòng)力學(xué)分析 12
第三章 離合器的設(shè)計(jì) 14
3.1確定換擋離合器的結(jié)構(gòu)形式 14
3.2確定主要參數(shù) 15
第四章 齒輪結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 15
4.1齒輪設(shè)計(jì) 15
第五章 軸的設(shè)計(jì) 21
5.1計(jì)算軸的直徑 21
5.2軸的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 22
5.3軸的剛度驗(yàn)算 25
結(jié)論 28
致謝 29
參考文獻(xiàn)： 30