生境喪失對生物多樣性影響的綜合評估



摘要 ………………………………………………………………………………………………3
第一章緒論………………………………………………………………………………………4
1.1 生物多樣性評價及研究進展 ……………………………………………………………4
1.1.1 研究的背景和意義 …………………………………………………………………4
1.1.2 生物多樣性的評價及研究方法 ……………………………………………………4
1.2 目前生境喪失的具體情況…………………………………………………………………5
1.3 生境喪失對生物多樣性的影響……………………………………………………………5
第二章生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的復雜網(wǎng)絡模型 …………………………………………………………5
2.1 復雜網(wǎng)絡模型內(nèi)容介紹…………………………………………………………………5
2.1.1基本思想和原理 ……………………………………………………………………5
2.1.2復雜網(wǎng)絡模型主要理論 ……………………………………………………………6
2.2 闊葉混交林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)食物網(wǎng)結構 ……………………………………………………………7 2.2.1生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)絡特征…………………………………………………………………7
2.3 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的研究思想 ……………………………………………………………………8
第三章 生物網(wǎng)絡與生物多樣性之間的關聯(lián)………………………………………………8
3.1 生物多樣性的綜合評估 …………………………………………………………………8
3.1.1 生物多樣性的穩(wěn)定性 ……………………………………………………………8
3.1.2 生物多樣性的多樣性 ……………………………………………………………9
3.1.2 生物網(wǎng)絡的抗毀性………………………………………………………………11
3.2 生物多樣性的預警方法…………………………………………………………………11
第四章 結論 ……………………………………………………………………………………12
致謝 ………………………………………………………………………………………………13
參考文獻 …………………………………………………………………………………………13


摘要 生物多樣性是我們?nèi)祟愘囈陨娴奈镔|基礎。但是隨著人口的迅速增長,目前生物多樣性以超出新生界化石記錄100-10000倍的速度在喪失。這些研究多數(shù)是基于某一種因素的改變對生物多樣性的基因種質、物種豐富度、物種分布、物種滅絕速率等有關統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)進行監(jiān)測與分析。
本文利用復雜網(wǎng)絡理論，根據(jù)具體的闊葉混交林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，把物種看成是節(jié)點，物種間的捕食關系看成是有向邊，物種之間捕食依賴程度看成是邊權，構建食物網(wǎng)的復雜有向加權網(wǎng)絡。在隨機或有選擇的移除網(wǎng)絡節(jié)點的情況下，利用相關指標，計算系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和多樣性，研究它們之間的關聯(lián)性。結果表明，在闊葉混交林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中，特定物種的喪失使生態(tài)多樣性降低，影響了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中能量供求的平衡關系，引起相關物種生活習性的改變，轉而對其他物種加大捕食力度，使原本穩(wěn)定的捕食關系逐漸破裂。捕食關系的不斷破裂最終促使生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性下降。因此，在闊葉混交林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中，生態(tài)多樣性的喪失會降低系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性，多樣性與穩(wěn)定性呈正相關趨勢。
關鍵詞 食物網(wǎng) 復雜網(wǎng)絡 闊葉混交林 穩(wěn)定性 抗毀性


Habitat loss of comprehensive assessment of the impact of biodiversity

Abstract Biodiversity is the material basis of our human beings rely on. But with the rapid growth of the population, the biodiversity in beyond the Cenozoic fossil record of 100-10000 times the speed of the loss.Most of these studies are based on a certain factor of change on the biodiversity of genetic germplasm, species richness, species distribution and species extinction rate and related statistical data monitoring and analysis.
In this paper, using the theory of complex network, according to the specific broadleaf mixed forest ecosystem, the species as a node, predator-prey relationships between species as a directed edge, prey on dependence between species as right, construction of the complexity of the food web directed weighted network.Results show that the broad-leaved mixed forest ecosystem, the loss of a particular species reduce biodiversity, the balance of energy supply and demand in ecosystems, cause the change of related species, life habits, turned to intensify prey on other species, make originally stable feeding relationship gradually broken.Predator-prey relationships of rupture and bringing the stability of ecosystem.
As a result, the broadleaf mixed forest ecosystem, the loss of biodiversity will reduce the stability of the system, diversity and stability were positively correlated.

Key words food web complex network Broad leaved mixed forest stability survivability