石化儲(chǔ)罐區(qū)安全監(jiān)測技術(shù)研究

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摘 要
隨著我國對(duì)石油資源需求的增長，我國先后啟動(dòng)了國家石油戰(zhàn)略儲(chǔ)備基地建設(shè)，在沿江、沿海地區(qū)建設(shè)了許多大型石油儲(chǔ)罐。在單罐容積和儲(chǔ)罐區(qū)規(guī)模不斷增大，眾多大型儲(chǔ)罐集中布局的條件下，儲(chǔ)罐的火災(zāi)、爆炸事故極易造成區(qū)域內(nèi)連鎖性的災(zāi)難。近十多年來我國石油儲(chǔ)罐火災(zāi)、爆炸事故總體呈上升趨勢。為保證經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展和群眾生命安全，需要建立安全監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)來預(yù)防火災(zāi)爆炸事故發(fā)生。本文首先分析石化儲(chǔ)罐區(qū)火災(zāi)、爆炸危險(xiǎn)性，明確了成品油儲(chǔ)罐區(qū)易產(chǎn)生大面積流淌性火災(zāi)，易形成爆炸環(huán)境，具有瞬時(shí)突變性等特殊的火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性。由于我國儲(chǔ)罐區(qū)事故發(fā)生原因多由明火導(dǎo)致，分析得到導(dǎo)致火災(zāi)事故的直接原因?yàn)樾孤?，通過儲(chǔ)罐泄漏原因的分析，為監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)選擇了液位、壓力、可燃?xì)怏w濃度等監(jiān)測參數(shù)。并針對(duì)這些參數(shù)在儲(chǔ)罐區(qū)的不同特點(diǎn)，選擇了適合的監(jiān)測設(shè)備，對(duì)其監(jiān)控原理進(jìn)行了簡要介紹。按照安全監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)建立的原理，建立了某石化儲(chǔ)罐區(qū)的安全監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。

關(guān)鍵詞：安全監(jiān)測：石化儲(chǔ)罐區(qū)；火災(zāi)；泄漏

Abstract
With China's growing demand for oil resources, China has launched a national strategic oil reserve bases in the river, coastal construction of many large oil storage tanks. Since single tank volume and increasing the size of the storage tank area, and under the conditions of a number of large storage tanks concentrated layout, tank fire and explosion accidents can easily result in a chain of disasters in the region. Over the past decade our oil tank fires, explosions overall upward trend. To ensure the rapid economic development and people's lives and safety, the need for safety monitoring systems to prevent fire and explosion accidents. Firstly, the tank farm fire, explosion hazard analysis, a clear refined oil storage tank area prone to large-scale flow of fire, easy to form explosive environment, with instantaneous mutation and other special fire risk. Because of our multi-tank zone accidents caused by fire, analyze get direct cause of fire is leaking storage tank leaks by analyzing the reasons, chose level, pressure, concentration of combustible gas monitoring parameters for the monitoring system. And for the different characteristics of these parameters in the tank area, select the appropriate monitoring equipment, conducted a brief introduction to the principles of its monitoring. In accordance with the principles of safety monitoring system established for the completion of a petrochemical storage tank area to establish a secure monitoring system.

KEY WORDS safety monitoring; petrochemical storage tank area; fire; leak

目錄
一、緒論 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2石化儲(chǔ)罐區(qū)安全監(jiān)測技術(shù)進(jìn)展 2
1.3本文的研究內(nèi)容及意義 4
二、儲(chǔ)罐區(qū)火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性分析及安全監(jiān)測參數(shù)選擇 5
2.1石化儲(chǔ)罐區(qū)火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性及火災(zāi)原因分析 5
2.1.1石化儲(chǔ)罐區(qū)儲(chǔ)罐類別 5
2.1.2成品油儲(chǔ)罐區(qū)火災(zāi)特點(diǎn)及危險(xiǎn)性分析 6
2.1.3成品油儲(chǔ)罐區(qū)火災(zāi)、爆炸原因分析 8
2.1.4成品油儲(chǔ)罐泄漏原因分析 8
2.2安全監(jiān)控參數(shù)及監(jiān)控儀表的選擇 12
2.2.1安全監(jiān)控參數(shù)的選擇 12
2.2.2液位監(jiān)測儀表的選擇 12
2.2.3壓力監(jiān)測儀表的選擇 13
2.2.4可燃?xì)怏w檢測儀表的選擇 14
2.2.5火災(zāi)探測器的選擇 14
三、安全監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建 16
3.1系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案 16
3.2監(jiān)測器的布點(diǎn) 17
3.3監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 21
3.3.1監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)場監(jiān)控設(shè)計(jì) 21
3.3.2監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)軟件 21
3.3.3系統(tǒng)可靠性設(shè)計(jì) 22
3.4監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的主要特點(diǎn)及功能 22
四、結(jié)論 24
附錄1：讀書報(bào)告 28
附錄2：外文翻譯 34