西北地區(qū)中小企業(yè)的融資問(wèn)題研究

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摘 要
改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，我國(guó)中小企業(yè)得到迅猛發(fā)展，已經(jīng)成為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要組成部分，是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)有效增長(zhǎng)的主要推動(dòng)力量，中小企業(yè)在滿足人們個(gè)性化和多樣化需求、進(jìn)行科技創(chuàng)新、實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)化專(zhuān)業(yè)協(xié)作、培養(yǎng)企業(yè)家、保持社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和促進(jìn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展等方面具有重要的作用。在我國(guó)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展當(dāng)中，中小企業(yè)扮演著重要的角色，是推動(dòng)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要力量。但是中小企業(yè)力量小，資金困難也逐漸的顯露了出來(lái)。西北地區(qū)中小企業(yè)是西北經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的動(dòng)力之源，是西北創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新的主要載體。然而西北中小企業(yè)發(fā)展緩慢，資金問(wèn)題是制約中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵，而中小企業(yè)在生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)的過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的融資難、貸款難、擔(dān)保難的問(wèn)題都是資金問(wèn)題的體現(xiàn)，這些是融資難的主要原因，而銀行的制度約束、政府缺乏支持及現(xiàn)存的社會(huì)環(huán)境，這些因素使得中小企業(yè)融資更加困難。提升企業(yè)素質(zhì)，改革現(xiàn)有的金融體制，發(fā)揮政府的引導(dǎo)作用，培育良好的社會(huì)信用環(huán)境，是緩解中小企業(yè)融資難的主要對(duì)策。探索中小企業(yè)融資現(xiàn)狀和問(wèn)題，發(fā)現(xiàn)融資難的根源并找到解決問(wèn)題的對(duì)策具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。

關(guān)鍵詞：西北地區(qū) 中小企業(yè) 融資問(wèn)題


ABSTRACT
Since the reform and opening, our country small and medium-sized enterprises get rapid development, has become an important part of national economy, is the main driving force to realize effective economic growth in China, small and medium-sized enterprises in meet the demand of individuation and diversification, scientific and technological innovation and realize the socialization of the professional collaboration, training the entrepreneur, maintaining the social stability and promote national economic development plays an important role. In our country, the development of socialist market economy, small and medium-sized enterprises (smes) play an important role, it is an important force to promote the development of national economy. But small and medium-sized enterprises small, financial difficulties are gradually exposed. The northwest region of small and medium-sized enterprise is the source of power in the development of the northwest economy, is the main carrier of northwest entrepreneurial innovation. Northwest of small and medium-sized enterprise development is slow, however, money is the key to restricting development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and small and medium-sized enterprises (smes) in the process of production and operation, the difficulty of financing, loan, guarantee is the embodiment of the funding problems, these are the main reasons of financing difficulties, but the bank's institutional constraints, the lack of government support and the existing social conditions, these factors make it harder for the small and medium-sized enterprise financing. Improve enterprise quality, reform the existing financial system, give play to the role of the government's guidance, foster a good social credit environment, is the main countermeasures to ease the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. Explore the small and medium-sized enterprise financing present situation and problems, find the root of the financing difficulties and find the countermeasures to solve the problem has certain practical significance.

Key words: The northwest region smes Financing problems
目 錄

前言 1
1 中小企業(yè)融資概述 2
1.1 中小企業(yè)的界定 2
1.2 我國(guó)西北地區(qū)中小企業(yè)的特點(diǎn) 2
1.3 中小企業(yè)融資概述 2
1.3.1 中小企業(yè)融資渠道和方式 3
1.3.2 中小企業(yè)融資結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn) 3
2 我國(guó)西北地區(qū)中小企業(yè)的融資現(xiàn)狀分析 3
2.1 融資成本偏高 3
2.2 融資渠道狹窄 3
2.3 內(nèi)源融資占比重高，但規(guī)模小 4
2.4直接融資渠道不暢 5
2.5間接融資難 5
2.6 企業(yè)自身積累不足 6
2.7 證券融資所占比重有限 6
3 我國(guó)西北地區(qū)中小企業(yè)融資難的成因分析 7
3.1 內(nèi)部因素 7
3.1.1 管理理念落后 7
3.1.2 企業(yè)自身盈利不強(qiáng) 7
3.1.3 員工素質(zhì)不高 8
3.1.4 抵押資產(chǎn)少，融資擔(dān)保難 9
3.1.5企業(yè)內(nèi)部控制薄弱 9
3.1.6信用等級(jí)偏低 9
3.2外部因素 10
3.2.1缺乏完整的政策體系 10
3.2.2缺乏為中小企業(yè)服務(wù)的專(zhuān)有商業(yè)銀行 10
3.2.3缺少必要的金融擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu) 10
4我國(guó)西北地區(qū)中小企業(yè)融資問(wèn)題的解決措施 10
4.1提高自身融資能力 10
4.1.1 增強(qiáng)中小企業(yè)內(nèi)源融資能力、優(yōu)化融資結(jié)構(gòu) 10
4.1.2加強(qiáng)內(nèi)部信用制度和擔(dān)保體系建設(shè) 11
4.1.3提高核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力 11
4.2優(yōu)化融資外部環(huán)境，建立西北多元化融資平臺(tái) 11
4.2.1 積極發(fā)揮政府服務(wù)作用，創(chuàng)新民間融資途徑 11
4.2.2 中小企業(yè)捆綁集群，債券融資的創(chuàng)新之舉 12
4.2.3關(guān)系型融資，西北中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的長(zhǎng)效融資機(jī)制 12
4.2.4“梯形融資模式”，開(kāi)辟中小企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略融資 12
4.2.5 “ 中小企業(yè)融資超市”，中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的供血站 12
4.2.6完善金融服務(wù)體系 13
結(jié)束語(yǔ) 17
參考文獻(xiàn) 18
致謝 19