45頁(yè),44萬(wàn)字

-II-
摘要
近幾年我國(guó)鐵礦石的進(jìn)口量連年大幅增加，進(jìn)口鐵礦石的金屬量已占我國(guó)
入爐鐵礦石金屬量的50%。從目前國(guó)內(nèi)資源的情況來(lái)看，經(jīng)過(guò)建國(guó)50多年來(lái)的
開(kāi)發(fā)利用，我國(guó)易選的磁鐵礦資源正面臨緊缺的局面，后備的赤鐵礦礦山相對(duì)
較多，但難選。近年來(lái)鐵礦石資源不足的矛盾逐漸顯現(xiàn)，湖南省通道縣境內(nèi)富
有大量的鐵礦資源（約2000萬(wàn)噸），其開(kāi)采對(duì)緩解其鐵礦石資源不足的矛盾將
起到了重要緩解作用。
通道鐵礦屬于沉積變質(zhì)巖鐵礦，礦石礦物組成較為簡(jiǎn)單，主要鐵礦物為赤鐵
礦；脈石礦物以石英和絹云母為主，其次為綠泥石和方解石等礦物。有用礦物和
脈石礦物嵌布粒度總體偏細(xì)，屬于難選礦石，它的開(kāi)發(fā)利用具有一定的代表性。
通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料的總結(jié)，自行開(kāi)發(fā)了分散劑體系，對(duì)其在純石英
和純氧化鐵上的吸附性能進(jìn)行了一系列的研究，考察了不同分子量的分散劑、溶
液pH值、溶液溫度和純石英的細(xì)度對(duì)吸附性能的影響，進(jìn)一步對(duì)其吸附機(jī)理進(jìn)行
了探討。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）在石英表面的吸附性能顯著高
于其在氧化鐵表面的吸附性能，并且隨著PVP分子量的增大和溫度的升高，吸附
能力增強(qiáng)，但不隨溶液的pH值變化而發(fā)生改變。
在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的選擇性分散階段，主要對(duì)不同分散劑，礦漿濃度，礦漿pH值，攪
拌速度，攪拌時(shí)間對(duì)分散體系的影響進(jìn)行研究，最終確定較優(yōu)的分散工藝條件礦
漿濃度為17%、pH=9.5、攪拌速度為1200 r/min、攪拌時(shí)間為10min。在選擇性絮
凝階段，發(fā)現(xiàn)PVP的選擇性絮凝效果明顯優(yōu)于改性玉米淀粉，且水質(zhì)對(duì)絮團(tuán)的選
擇性影響很小，突破了傳統(tǒng)的高分子絮凝劑對(duì)水質(zhì)的敏感。
通過(guò)對(duì)一系列的干式強(qiáng)磁拋尾、濕式強(qiáng)磁、離心選礦、選擇性分散絮凝選礦
和反浮選階段流程進(jìn)行條件試驗(yàn)，選出各個(gè)階段的最優(yōu)條件參數(shù)進(jìn)行組合，進(jìn)行
四種不同的聯(lián)合流程試驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)最終確定“階段磨礦—干式強(qiáng)磁—濕式強(qiáng)磁—選
擇性脫泥—反浮選”工藝聯(lián)合流程為最優(yōu)工藝流程。該工藝可經(jīng)濟(jì)、順暢的生產(chǎn)
出TFe品位不小于62%，鐵金屬回收率64.47%的鐵精礦。這為下一步通道鐵礦資源
的綜合開(kāi)發(fā)和利用具有指導(dǎo)作用。
關(guān)鍵詞：赤鐵礦；石英；選擇性分散；選擇性絮凝；聚乙烯吡咯烷酮；強(qiáng)磁
選；反浮選

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Abstract
In recent years the import of ironstone is increasing dramatically,the quantity
of ironstone imported accounts for 50%of the total amount using for smelting.After
exploring for more than 50 years,the resource of ironstone is in great shortage and
the store is insufficient as well.By contrast,the domestic reserve of hematite is
relatively more,but hematite is more difficult to separate.Recently,the shortage of
ironstone has become serious,and the exploitation of Tongdao iron ameliorated the
shortage of ironstone for the company.
Tongdao ore belongs to sediment metamorphose hematite ore.Mineral
component is simpleness comparatively,hematite ore consists mainly of iron ore,the
main parts of matrix are quartz and sericite,next about chlorite,calcspar,and so on.
The particles of useful minerals and non-useful minerals are thinner generally,and
difficult to process.So it is of certain representative to develope and utilize.
Dispersing agent system has been developmented by means of summarization of
cross-correlation technique at home and abroad.In this article,the adsorption
behavior of polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)on pure quartz and pure iron oxide have
been studied.Many factors which include the different molecular weight of PVP,pH,
the solution temperature and the fineness of quartz were explored on the properties
of adsorption.Further more,the underlying adsorption mechanism are discussed.
The amount of PVP adsorbed onto quartz is significantly higher as compared to iron
oxide.The adsorption capacity for PVP increased with increasing molecular mass
and temperature but is independent of pH.
Compared with other dispersing agents,the dispersing agent system was
applied in the selective desliming stage.Important factors which include the pH,the
stirring rate,the stirring time and pulp density are explored to the dispering system.
Finally,the optimal dispersing technology is determined which include the pulp
concentration of 17%,pH=9.5,stirring rate for 1200 r/min,stirring for 10 minutes.
In selective flocculation stage,it is found that the PVP selective flocculation effect is
better than modified corn starch,and the water quality is little impact the
flocculation-selective breaking the traditional polymer flocculant sensitive to the
water quality.
Through a series of conditions processes,which include dry strong-magnetic,
wet strong-magnetic,centrifugal mineral processing,selective dispersion and-IV-
flocculation process and contra-flotation stage process,the optimal conditions is
selected,and four different joint processes is proposed.Ultimately,the joint process
of"stage of grinding-dry strong-magnetic-wet strong-magnetic-selective desliming-
contra-flotation"is adopted.This process can get TFe of the extract above 62%,
ferrous metals recovery rate of nearly 70%.So show how to explore and use the
mineral in Tongdao.
Keywords:Hematite;Selective dispersion;Selective flocculation;
Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP);Strong-magnetic;Contra-flotation
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目錄
第1章文獻(xiàn)綜述....................................................................................................1
1.1我國(guó)鐵礦資源的特點(diǎn)......................................................................................1
1.2弱磁性鐵礦石選礦方法...................................................................................1
1.2.1重選法.......................................................................................................2
1.2.2焙燒磁選法...............................................................................................2
1.2.3強(qiáng)磁選法...................................................................................................3
1.2.4浮選法.......................................................................................................3
1.2.5選擇性絮凝法............................................................................................5
1.2.6生物選礦法...............................................................................................5
1.3我國(guó)弱磁性鐵礦石選礦技術(shù)進(jìn)展...................................................................6
1.3.1赤鐵礦選礦技術(shù)進(jìn)展................................................................................6
1.3.2菱鐵礦選礦技術(shù)........................................................................................8
1.3.3褐鐵礦的選礦技術(shù)....................................................................................8
1.4亟待解決的問(wèn)題..............................................................................................9
1.5研究的意義及主要研究?jī)?nèi)容...........................................................................9
1.5.1研究的意義...............................................................................................9
1.5.2研究的主要內(nèi)容......................................................................................10
第2章通道鐵礦原礦礦物學(xué)研究.........................................................................11
2.1礦樣的制取...................................................................................................11
2.2礦石的礦物組成和化學(xué)組成.........................................................................11
2.3礦石的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造研究..................................................................................11
2.3.1礦石結(jié)構(gòu).................................................................................................11
2.3.2主要礦物的嵌布特征..............................................................................12
2.4礦石中各礦物的物理性質(zhì).............................................................................15
2.5原礦可磨性測(cè)定............................................................................................16
2.6單體解離度測(cè)定............................................................................................16
2.7小結(jié)...............................................................................................................17
第3章選擇性分散絮凝體系的研究.....................................................................18
3.1實(shí)驗(yàn)藥品與儀器............................................................................................18
3.1.1原料規(guī)格..................................................................................................18
-VI-
3.1.2原料的精制或改姓..................................................................................18
3.1.3實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器.................................................................................................18
3.2實(shí)驗(yàn)方法.......................................................................................................18
3.2.1比表面積的測(cè)定......................................................................................18
3.2.2 Zeta電位的測(cè)定.......................................................................................19
3.2.3吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)..................................................................................................19
3.2.4分散實(shí)驗(yàn)..................................................................................................19
3.2.5絮凝實(shí)驗(yàn)..................................................................................................20
3.3聚乙烯吡咯烷酮在石英和氧化鐵上的吸附研究...........................................20
3.3.1聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的性質(zhì)...........................................................................20
3.3.2石英和氧化鐵的比表面積測(cè)定...............................................................20
3.3.3 pH對(duì)石英和氧化鐵Zeta電位的影響......................................................21
3.3.4不同分子量的PVP對(duì)石英的吸附...........................................................21
3.3.5 pH對(duì)吸附的影響.....................................................................................22
3.3.6溫度對(duì)吸附的影響..................................................................................24
3.3.7細(xì)度對(duì)吸附的影響..................................................................................24
3.4選擇性分散實(shí)驗(yàn)研究....................................................................................24
3.4.1不同分散劑對(duì)分散的影響.......................................................................25
3.4.2礦漿濃度對(duì)分散的影響...........................................................................25
3.4.3 pH值對(duì)分散的影響.................................................................................27
3.4.4攪拌時(shí)間和速度對(duì)分散的影響...............................................................27
3.5選擇性絮凝實(shí)驗(yàn)研究....................................................................................28
3.5.1不同絮凝劑對(duì)選擇性絮凝的影響...........................................................28
3.5.2不同水質(zhì)對(duì)選擇性絮凝的影響...............................................................28
3.6小結(jié)...............................................................................................................29
第4章聯(lián)合流程選礦試驗(yàn)....................................................................................30
4.1主要試劑及儀器設(shè)備....................................................................................30
4.1.1選礦試劑.................................................................................................30
4.1.2儀器設(shè)備.................................................................................................30
4.2試驗(yàn)方法.....................................................................................................30
4.3結(jié)果與討論.................................................................................................31
-VII-
4.3.1干式強(qiáng)磁.................................................................................................31
4.3.2濕式強(qiáng)磁.................................................................................................32
4.3.3離心選礦.................................................................................................34
4.3.4選擇性分散絮凝選礦..............................................................................36
4.3.5反浮選.....................................................................................................38
4.3.6聯(lián)合流程的選擇......................................................................................39
4.4小結(jié).............................................................................................................42
結(jié)論....................................................................................................................44
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