微張力控制器設(shè)計(jì)

摘    要

Z箍縮(Z-pinch)靶是用于慣性約束聚變（ICF）實(shí)驗(yàn)的。Z-pinch所使用的環(huán)形絲陣負(fù)載要求某種規(guī)格的金屬微絲沿圓柱面母線方向均勻排列。在絲陣負(fù)載裝配的過程中，需要對(duì)將微絲張力控制在1～3g,張力過大，則會(huì)造成微絲的拉伸變形甚至是斷裂，張力過小，則達(dá)不到實(shí)驗(yàn)要求。本課題所要設(shè)計(jì)的正是絲陣自動(dòng)裝配系統(tǒng)中的微張力控制器。
到目前為止，小張力的控制始終是控制界的難題。而各國對(duì)此也是極其保密，所以沒有現(xiàn)成的控制方案可供選取。
本文首先通過研究國內(nèi)外張力控制的發(fā)展歷程和現(xiàn)狀，明確張力控制的基本原理，研究比較常規(guī)張力控制的方案。然后提出一新的張力控制方案：將微小的張力放大為較大的力矩，通過測(cè)試彈性元件的角形變從而間接測(cè)出金屬微絲張力，最后通過反饋實(shí)現(xiàn)微絲張力的控制。
在微張力器的具體設(shè)計(jì)中，傳感器部分采用RESR(雷尼紹)的圓光柵和RGH20讀數(shù)頭，該數(shù)字傳感器具有分辨率高、抗干擾能力強(qiáng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)；控制核心采用一能進(jìn)行高速數(shù)據(jù)的微處理器；執(zhí)行元件采用靈敏度高的壓電陶瓷。
另外，文中涉及微張力控制器數(shù)學(xué)模型的計(jì)算，驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)，優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，微張力控制器的進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)。

關(guān)鍵詞：微張力控制、張力放大、反饋控制

ABSTRACT
Z-pinch is used for Inertial Confinement Fusion experiment. Annular wire-array in Z-pinch requires a certain kind of metal wire to arrange uniformly along it’s cylinder generatrix.During the assembly process of this wire-array,the tension of the metal wire must be controlled from 1g to 3g.Too large tesion will arose tensile deformation of the metal wire enven fracture,but too small tesion can not satisfy requirements of the experiment.We will design a microtension controller used in wire-array automated assembly system in this paper.
Up to now,small tesion control is always a hard problem in the control community.Countries all over the world also keep this as a secret,so there are no ready-made schemes provided for us to choose.
In this paper, at first we studied the development process and the present situation of tenion control at home and abroad,understood the basic principle of tenion control,studied and compared normal tension control shemes.Then we put forward a new control scheme:we firt enlarge the small tension to large torque,then we can detect the tesion of the metal wire through testing the angle deformation of a elastic element,at last wen control the tenion of the metal wire through feedback.
In the concrete design of this micotension controller,we chose RSER angular grating and RGH20 readhead as the part of sensor.The advantages of this digital sensor are high resolution and anti-jamming ability.The control core is a high speed data microprocessor.The actuator is a high sensitivity piezoelectric ceramics.
In addition,there are calculation of the mathematical model of the microtension controller, verification test, Optimum Design and the improvements of the microtension controller.

Keywords:microtension control,tension amplification,feedback control

目   錄
摘    要 I
ABSTRACT II
1 緒論 1
1.1 張力控制一般概念及意義 1
1.2 張力控制系統(tǒng)的國內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 1
1.3 課題來源和意義 2
1.4 本文主要研究的內(nèi)容 3
2 張力控制系統(tǒng)一般理論 4
2.1 張力控制系統(tǒng)原理 4
2.1.1 開環(huán)控制原理 4
2.1.2 擾動(dòng)補(bǔ)償控制原理 4
2.1.3 直接張力閉環(huán)控制原理 5
2.1.4 復(fù)合控制原理 6
2.2 常用的張力控制方式 6
2.2.1 執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)不同的張力控制方式 6
2.2.2 控制器不同的張力控制方式 7
2.2.3 調(diào)節(jié)手段不同的張力控制方式 10
2.2.4 傳感檢測(cè)形式不同的張力控制方式 10
3 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 13
3.1 總體設(shè)計(jì) 13
3.2 重要零部件選用 15
3.2.1 光柵傳感器 16
3.2.2 壓電陶瓷 17
3.3 機(jī)構(gòu)數(shù)學(xué)模型 17
4 優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)與方案改進(jìn) 22
4.1 轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量的優(yōu)化 22
4.2 啟動(dòng)力矩優(yōu)化 24
4.3 其余方案優(yōu)化 25
5 實(shí)驗(yàn) 27
5.1 張力控制方案可行性實(shí)驗(yàn) 27
5.2 微張力控制器驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn) 28
6 總結(jié)與展望 30
6.1 總結(jié) 30
6.2 展望 30
參 考 文 獻(xiàn) 32