摘 要

膜片彈簧作為壓緊彈簧有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，如結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，質(zhì)量輕，磨損均勻等等。因此膜片彈簧已廣泛應(yīng)用于汽車(chē)離合器。
詳細(xì)的介紹了膜片彈簧離合器的工作原理，對(duì)其碟簧和分離指部分做了力學(xué)分析，介紹了matlab中非線性約束的優(yōu)化問(wèn)題。
通過(guò)對(duì)離合器膜片彈簧的變形特性和多種約束條件的分析，在參考成熟的離合器結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了一種離合器膜片彈簧的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)模型，該模型可以使離合器的后備系數(shù)穩(wěn)定,保證離合器可靠地工作，并用此方法進(jìn)行了實(shí)例設(shè)計(jì)，結(jié)果表明：優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)后的膜片彈簧，后備系數(shù)的穩(wěn)定性、最大當(dāng)量應(yīng)力以及分離力的大小均明顯高于原設(shè)計(jì)。
采用摩擦片磨損過(guò)程中，膜片彈簧壓緊力變化的平均值最小作為優(yōu)化目標(biāo)。用強(qiáng)度，壓緊力，新舊狀態(tài)時(shí)膜片彈簧壓緊力的差值最小，駕駛員作用于踏板上的力最小等作為約束條件，把膜片彈簧的各個(gè)尺寸作為設(shè)計(jì)變量，建立數(shù)學(xué)模型。用Matlab優(yōu)化工具箱里的fmincon函數(shù)來(lái)進(jìn)行計(jì)算，最終得到最優(yōu)尺寸。通過(guò)和其他方案的比較，本文的方案是切實(shí)可行的。


關(guān)鍵詞：，膜片彈簧，力學(xué)分析，Matlab，優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)
















ABSTRACT

The diaphragm spring has many advantages as a pinched spring, such as the structure is simple, light weight, wear uniform, and so on. So the diaphragm springs are widely used in the automobile clutch.
The principle of diaphragm springs clutch is introduced detailed. Mechanical analysis of the disc spring and separated finger are made. The nonlinear constraint optimization problem of Matlab is introduced.
In this paper, with the load-deflection characteristics and stress-deflection characteristics analyzed in detail and all constrain conditions considered, a new multi-target optimal design mathematical model for the constructional parameters of pull-type diaphragm spring is brought up. This model can make the changes of the reservation coefficient and the changes of declutching force smaller before and after the clutch disc worn. The model is solved by TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution). Design example shows that a just model is established in this paper and the modeling method has a practical significance.
Establishing a mathematical model, the optimization objective is the average of pressing force changes minimum during the friction wearing. The constraint condition consist of strength, pressing force, the pressing force’s difference value of the diaphragm spring clutch old and new, the driver operating to save effort and so on. The Design variables are the size of the diaphragm spring. Calculated the optimal solution through a function named fmincon of Matlab. By comparison other proposal, this proposal is feasible.


Key words：Diaphragm spring, Mechanical analysis, Matlab, Optimum design













目 錄

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1緒論 1
1.1 膜片彈簧離合器簡(jiǎn)介及研究意義 1
1.1.1汽車(chē)離合器簡(jiǎn)介 1
1.1.2膜片彈簧離合器簡(jiǎn)介 1
1.1.3課題研究意義 3
1.2 膜片彈簧優(yōu)化研究現(xiàn)狀 3
1.3 主要研究?jī)?nèi)容 3
1.4 本章小結(jié) 4
2 碟簧部分的力學(xué)分析 5
2.1 膜片彈簧離合器工作原理 5
2.2 膜片彈簧的碟簧部分力學(xué)分析 5
2.2.1 載荷—變形公式 5
2.2.2 碟簧部分受力分析 6
2.2.3 拉壓應(yīng)力σtB 7
2.2.4 彎曲應(yīng)力σrB 8
2.2.5 碟簧部分當(dāng)量應(yīng)力σjB 8
2. 3 本章小結(jié) 8
3 分離指的力學(xué)分析 9
3.1分離指工作過(guò)程 9
3.2分離過(guò)程載荷——變形公式的推導(dǎo) 9
3.3膜片彈簧載荷——變形曲線分析 10
3.3.1曲線合成 10
3.3.2合成曲線分析 12
3.4影響載荷——變形公式的因素 12
3.4.1高度比H/h 12
3.4.2外內(nèi)徑比R/r 14
3.4.3支承半徑R1/r1 14
3.4.4工作位置λb 15
3.5實(shí)際特性曲線與計(jì)算曲線的誤差 15
3.5.1 曲線右移現(xiàn)象 15
3.5.2 曲線滯后現(xiàn)象 16
3.6本章小結(jié) 17
4 優(yōu)化模型的建立 18
4.1優(yōu)化目標(biāo)的選擇 18
4.1.1最大應(yīng)力點(diǎn)應(yīng)力最小 19
4.1.2 |Fa-Fb|最小 19
4.1.3 踏板力最小 19
4.1.4 壓緊力變化的平均值最小 19
4.2設(shè)計(jì)變量的選擇 19
4.3約束條件的選擇 20
4.4目標(biāo)函數(shù)的建立 22
4.4.1載荷——變形曲線特征點(diǎn) 22
4.4.2目標(biāo)函數(shù)的簡(jiǎn)化 23
4.5 數(shù)學(xué)模型的建立 23
4.6 本章小結(jié) 24
5 Matlab的應(yīng)用 25
5.1 Matlab的簡(jiǎn)介 25
5.2 Matlab優(yōu)化工具箱概述 27
5.3 有約束非線性最優(yōu)化問(wèn)題的應(yīng)用 28
5.3.1 基本數(shù)學(xué)原理 28
5.3.2 fmincon函數(shù)的介紹 29
5.4 fmincon在本優(yōu)化問(wèn)題的應(yīng)用 30
5.5 本章小結(jié) 34
6 結(jié)論 35
致謝 36
參考文獻(xiàn) 37