摘要
我國是全世界馬鈴薯種植面積最大的國家，但馬鈴薯收獲的機(jī)械化水平很低。近年來，馬鈴薯收獲機(jī)的研制與推廣有了較大發(fā)展，但大多屬于中小型條鋪式挖掘機(jī)，需人工撿拾薯塊，必要時(shí)進(jìn)行手工分級(jí)，生產(chǎn)效率低，勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度仍較大，且總體機(jī)械化水平很低，嚴(yán)重制約著馬鈴薯產(chǎn)業(yè)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。為此，我們研制了一種4U-1400FD型分級(jí)裝袋式馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)。該機(jī)集薯塊挖掘、土薯分離、薯秧分離、薯塊分級(jí)、裝袋于一體，可大幅度減輕人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，減少人工耗費(fèi)和商品薯的處理環(huán)節(jié)，顯著提高生產(chǎn)效率，降低傷薯率。
本文根據(jù)該機(jī)的功能和馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲及分級(jí)技術(shù)要求，運(yùn)用三維建模軟件Pro/E建立虛擬樣機(jī)模型，主要對(duì)4U-1400FD型馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)的分級(jí)裝袋裝置和機(jī)架進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究與設(shè)計(jì)，包括分級(jí)裝袋裝置原理方案設(shè)計(jì)，分級(jí)裝袋裝置和機(jī)架結(jié)構(gòu)方案設(shè)計(jì),對(duì)主要零部件進(jìn)行受力分析和強(qiáng)度校核，運(yùn)用ANSYS有限元分析軟件對(duì)分級(jí)鏈輪及機(jī)架進(jìn)行受力分析，分析了收獲機(jī)在以3km/h～4.83km/h速度作業(yè)時(shí)機(jī)架的應(yīng)力分布、最大應(yīng)力及其產(chǎn)生部位。分析計(jì)算結(jié)果與樣機(jī)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，分級(jí)裝袋裝置原理與結(jié)構(gòu)及機(jī)架結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)合理；分級(jí)精度較高，工作良好；機(jī)架強(qiáng)度儲(chǔ)備足夠，工作安全可靠。用AutoCAD軟件繪制了二維零部件圖樣。
關(guān)鍵詞：馬鈴薯；聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)；分級(jí)；裝袋；機(jī)架；設(shè)計(jì)；有限元分析



















Summary
China is largest country of growing potato in the world, However, the mechanization of potato harvest is in the low level. In recent years, the development and popularization of potato harvester has made great progress, but the most harvesters belong to section, the potato picked up by men, , graded by handwork when necessary, low productivity, large labor intension, and the overall low level of mechanization, seriously hinder the further development of the potato industry. So the 4U-1400FD potato harvester with a grading device was researched. This machine can complete potato digging, potato and soil separation, potato cleaning, grading and bagging process in one time, the labor intension of human can substantially reduce, labor cost and the processing sectors of commodity potato were reduced, the production efficiency was significantly improved and the ratio of the injured potato was reduced.
According to the function of the machine and the technical requirements of potato harvester and classification, the virtual prototype model was established by using 3D modeling software Pro / E, the device of grading and bagging of 4U-1400FD potato harvester and the frame were mainly researched and designed, including the principle design of grading and bagging device, and the structure design of frame. The main components were analyzed and its intension was checked and the chain wheel and frame were analyzed with software ANSYS, the stress distribution，the maximum stress and the resulting parts were analyzed in the working speed of 3km/h to 4.83km / h. The calculation results and the prototype test results show that the design of the principle and structure of grading and bagging device and the structure of frame are reasonable; the grading accuracy is higher, work well; the strength reserves of the frame is adequate, and it can work safely and reliably. The software of AutoCAD was used to complete the component draft drawings of the machine.
Key words: potato; combine harvester; grading; bagging; frame; design; ANSYS










目錄
引言 1
第一章 緒論 2
1.1馬鈴薯收獲概況 2
1.1.1 國外馬鈴薯收獲機(jī)的發(fā)展概況 2
1.1.2 國內(nèi)馬鈴薯收獲機(jī)的發(fā)展概況 3
1.2 本課題研究意義 6
1.3 本課題研究內(nèi)容 6
1.4 本課題研究方法 7
1.5 技術(shù)路線 8
第二章 4U-1400FD型馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)總體設(shè)計(jì) 9
2.1 4U-1400FD型馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)基本結(jié)構(gòu) 9
2.2 4U-1400FD型馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)工作過程 9
2.3 4U-1400FD型馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)基本參數(shù)確定 10
第三章 4U-1400FD型馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)分級(jí)裝袋裝置設(shè)計(jì) 16
3.1 4U-1400FD型馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)分級(jí)裝置設(shè)計(jì) 16
3.1.1 塊莖物料分級(jí)方法概述 16
3.1.2 馬鈴薯分級(jí)主要技術(shù)要求 17
3.1.3 輥軸鏈板式分級(jí)裝置工作原理 17
3.1.4 主要參數(shù)確定 18
3.2 主要零部件設(shè)計(jì) 18
3.2.1 主動(dòng)軸結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 18
3.2.2 鏈及鏈輪結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 21
3.2.3 分級(jí)輥軸結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 26
3.2.4 從動(dòng)軸結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 26
3.3 輔助裝置設(shè)計(jì) 26
3.4 裝袋裝置設(shè)計(jì) 27
第四章 4U-1400FD型馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)機(jī)架有限元分析 28
4.1 機(jī)架總體結(jié)構(gòu)分析的意義 28
4.2 機(jī)架有限元模型的建立 28
4.2.1 機(jī)架結(jié)構(gòu)及模型建立 28
4.2.2 網(wǎng)格化分 29
4.3 加載并求解 29
4.3.1 約束 29
4.3.2 載荷 29
4.3.3 求解 31
4.4 有限元分析結(jié)果 31
第五章 Pro/E環(huán)境下虛擬模型的建立 32
5.1 Pro/E簡介 33
5.2 三維實(shí)體建模 34
第六章 樣機(jī)試驗(yàn)及效益評(píng)價(jià) 36
6.1 樣機(jī)初步試驗(yàn) 36
6.2 經(jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)效益評(píng)價(jià) 36
6.3 推廣應(yīng)用前景 38
第七章 結(jié)論和建議 39
7．1 結(jié)論 39
7．2 建議 39
致謝 41
參考文獻(xiàn) 42
作者簡介 47
導(dǎo)師簡介 48
獨(dú)創(chuàng)性聲明 49
附錄 50