ABSTRACT:
This paper considers the design of buildings for fire safety. It is found that fire and the associ- ated effects on buildings is significantly different to other forms of loading such as gravity live loads, wind and earthquakes and their respective effects on the building structure. Fire events are derived from the human activities within buildings or from the malfunction of mechanical and electrical equipment provided within buildings to achieve a serviceable environment. It is therefore possible to directly influence the rate of fire starts within buildings by changing human behaviour, improved maintenance and improved design of mechanical and electrical systems. Furthermore, should a fire develops, it is possible to directly influence the resulting fire severity by the incorporation of fire safety systems such as sprinklers and to provide measures within the building to enable safer egress from the building. The ability to influence the rate of fire starts and the resulting fire severity is unique to the consideration of fire within buildings since other loads such as wind and earthquakes are directly a function of nature. The possible approaches for designing a building for fire safety are presented using an example of a multi-storey building constructed over a railway line. The design of both the transfer structure


摘要：這篇論文主要研究建筑的防火設(shè)計，火作用于建筑與重力荷載,風(fēng)荷載,地震力等作用于建筑物結(jié)構(gòu)上有很大不同。火是由人類活動或者機(jī)械故障，建筑物內(nèi)的電器引起的
1.介紹
其他論文，考慮建筑物的設(shè)計的重力荷載，風(fēng)和地震等一系列問題。建筑物針對這些負(fù)載的影響的設(shè)計是相當(dāng)大的程度上涵蓋了工程的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照了建筑法規(guī)。幾乎在同一程度上，萬一發(fā)生火災(zāi)，事實并非如此。相反，正是如澳大利亞建筑法那樣的法規(guī)明確了建筑防火安全的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，如用as3600,as4100的方法確定耐火構(gòu)件。
本文的目的就是要從工程角度考慮建筑設(shè)計消防安全，（如目前所做的風(fēng)力或地震等其他荷載），同時將這種方法應(yīng)用于當(dāng)前規(guī)范要求的環(huán)境之中。首先需要指出的是，設(shè)計一幢防火大樓只考慮建設(shè)結(jié)構(gòu)或者是否有足夠的結(jié)構(gòu)性是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。這是因為火可以直接通過煙霧和熱量影響住戶，還可以蔓延增加嚴(yán)重性，而其它對樓房的影響不具備這一特征。 盡管有這些評論，本文的大部分重點仍將集中于建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計問題。
本文將選擇一棟大樓的兩種情況作為討論的對象。圖1所示的多層辦公樓利用了