基于Web服務(wù)及工作流技術(shù)的分布式人員培訓(xùn)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

摘  要
在日漸興起的電子商務(wù)環(huán)境下，企業(yè)或部門間的協(xié)作型模式最具發(fā)展?jié)摿ΑＫ膶?shí)施有兩個關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題：傳統(tǒng)的解決方案通常運(yùn)行于專用增值網(wǎng)絡(luò)，運(yùn)行維護(hù)費(fèi)用昂貴，消息結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜僵化，中小企業(yè)無法承受；如何保證系統(tǒng)能夠隨著需求的變化進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展和融合也是一個難題。最新的Web 服務(wù)(Web Services) 技術(shù)以其組件化、開放性和自描述等特性使得企業(yè)及其合作伙伴之間可以依賴Web 服務(wù)進(jìn)行商業(yè)信息交互，它已成為替換傳統(tǒng)方案的最好選擇之一。而工作流技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)正是解決第二個難題的最佳方案，它對流程進(jìn)行管理，任何需求的變化都可以通過靈活地改變業(yè)務(wù)流程實(shí)現(xiàn)。通過將Web 服務(wù)和工作流技術(shù)相結(jié)合，可以使系統(tǒng)的擴(kuò)展問題得到很好的解決。
在分析具體案例的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合一種復(fù)合Web服務(wù)的業(yè)務(wù)流程管理系統(tǒng)——K2.NET，設(shè)計(jì)了一個基于Web 服務(wù)和工作流技術(shù)的，適合多方參與者、跨業(yè)務(wù)平臺、高動態(tài)協(xié)作環(huán)境的分布式人員培訓(xùn)系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了中小型企業(yè)在此應(yīng)用下的協(xié)同辦公；滿足了此類應(yīng)用的商業(yè)環(huán)境異構(gòu)性和跨互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的分布性要求；充分考慮了登陸角色的安全性控制；嚴(yán)格地采用過程形式化體系，針對實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)需求，實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種基本申請流程和相關(guān)的三種修改流程；對于需求中特別要求的審批制度，提出了一種審批策略算法以適應(yīng)多種變化。最后，探討了可直接支持戰(zhàn)略的高效可敏捷擴(kuò)展型流程資產(chǎn)管理技術(shù)，以及對既往流程資產(chǎn)進(jìn)行新環(huán)境下的價(jià)值挖掘。測試結(jié)果表明本系統(tǒng)完全能滿足用戶的需求，具有較好的性能。目前存在的缺陷是代碼執(zhí)行效率不高，可以通過代碼優(yōu)化或者在保證功能實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況下簡化當(dāng)前狀態(tài)機(jī)來提高代碼效率。
整個系統(tǒng)是參考國際工作流聯(lián)盟所提出的結(jié)構(gòu)模型，并結(jié)合用戶需求設(shè)計(jì)出的 一個輕型工作流系統(tǒng)。稱其為“輕型”，因?yàn)樵撓到y(tǒng)是針對中小型用戶的實(shí)際需要所設(shè)計(jì)，相對普通的工作流系統(tǒng)而言，它的功能結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，在降低成本的同時也縮短了開發(fā)周期，且具有良好的操作性、維護(hù)性、穩(wěn)定性和擴(kuò)展性。通過分析看出該系統(tǒng)完全有能力代替以前只能由人工完成的工作，并在此基礎(chǔ)上大幅縮短了執(zhí)行時間和大量減少可能出現(xiàn)的人為失誤，使得工作效率得到了提高、工作質(zhì)量得到了保證。

關(guān)鍵詞：培訓(xùn)    Web服務(wù)    工作流    形式化
 
Abstract
With the increasing prosperity of the e-business environment, collaborative model of enterprise-to-enterprise or sector-to-sector is the most potential model. There are two key technical issues in the implementation of this model. The first one, traditional solutions often operate on the exclusive value-added network, which are maintained costly, complex and rigidity, and can not been afforded by most medium-sized and small business enterprises. Another challenge is ensuring that the system can be expanded as needs change and integration. The latest Web services technology, which makes enterprises and their partners could exchange their information each other based on its components, openness and self described attributes, has become one of the best replacements of traditional program. And workflow technology is the best option to resolve the second problem. Using workflow technology, it is flexible to achieve any requirement changes through modifying business processes. Through combining Web services and workflow technology, resolving the expansion problem of the system would become very easy.
Based on the analysis of some cases, with a business process management system integrated web service—K2.NET, firstly, the paper designs a distributed, web service and workflow based training platform, which is multi-participants, transplantable and suitable for dynamic cooperation environment. This training platform realizes the cooperation with companies, isomerism of this business circumstance, distribution of multi-internet, the control of different roles. Moreover, it adopts formal process architectonic, which can fulfill a basic applying training flow and three modified application flow according to the requirements. For special requirements of the permission strategy, proposing an approved policy algorithms which could adapt to variety changes of strategies. Finally, this paper discusses the assets management technology which supports strategic agile extended flow, and makes some researches on mining the potential value of assets information in new condition. Experiment result shows, this leave workflow management system can satisfy the requirement and has a nice performance. However, some bugs still exist. For instance, the efficiency of codes executing is not high. This problem can be solved through code optimization and predigest the status machine.
In summary, the whole system consults the constructed model proposed by the union of international workflow. It is a lightweight workflow. Compared to normal workflow, this system, which is based on the requirement of medium-sized enterprise, has more straightforward function structure, shorter developed circulation and lower cost, and also has nicer maneuverability, maintainability, stability and expansibility. Therefore, this leave workflow management information has the ability of replacing the traditional manual work. It can reduce a lot of the executing time and most of contrived mistakes, which enhances the efficiency and assures the quality.

Keywords: Training    Web Service    Workflow    Formalization
 
目  錄
摘  要 I
Abstract II
1  緒論
1.1  研究背景及意義 (1)
1.2  國內(nèi)外研究概況 (3)
1.3  本論文的研究工作 (9)
2  需求分析與總體設(shè)計(jì)
2.1  系統(tǒng)需求概述 (11)
2.2  系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) (14)
2.3  基于Web服務(wù)的工作流 (17)
2.4  K2.NET應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì) (20)
2.5  安全性設(shè)計(jì) (27)
2.6  數(shù)據(jù)庫設(shè)計(jì) (29)
2.7  本章小結(jié) (33)
3  詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)
3.1  模塊設(shè)計(jì) (34)
3.2  界面設(shè)計(jì) (35)
3.3  流程設(shè)計(jì) (36)
3.4  模型實(shí)現(xiàn)評價(jià) (43)
3.5  本章小結(jié) (44)
4  系統(tǒng)測試
4.1  測試用例設(shè)計(jì) (45)
4.2  測試場景設(shè)計(jì) (50)
4.3  本章小結(jié) (51)
5  總結(jié)與展望
5.1  全文總結(jié) (52)
5.2  后續(xù)展望 (53)
致  謝 (55)
參考文獻(xiàn) (56)